Protection of goats against heartwater acquired by immunisation with inactivated elementary bodies of Cowdria ruminantium

Abstract

In two experiments, four and five goats were vaccinated by giving two subcutaneous injections of a preparation of inactivated elementary bodies of Cowdria ruminantium (Gardel stock) mixed with Freund's adjuvant. All vaccinated animals together with four naive controls were challenged intravenously with 5 ml of supernatant of a culture of bovine endothelial cells infected with the same stock of Cowdria. All goats developed a high temperature. Two out of four, and four out of five vaccinated goats survived the challenge whereas all naive control animals died within 7–12 days. Vaccinated goats which died survived longer than the controls. No difference in antibody titres was observed between protected and non-protected vaccinated goats. Moreover, immune sera from surviving goats, whether heat inactivated or not, were unable to neutralize the infection of bovine endothelial cells by Cowdria in vitro. Mechanisms conferring protection on the immunized goats are unknown at the moment but the hypothesis that T-helper lymphocyte populations have been elicited seems to be likely. This method of immunization with dead organisms will help in the search for protective antigens against cowdriosis.