Abstract
Abstract This chapter traces the evolution of Iran from a client to a partner of the United States, from the announcement of the British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in 1968 to the end of Nixon’s first term as president in 1972. The shah successfully lobbied the Nixon administration to abandon a policy of balancing Iran and Saudi Arabia as the “twin pillars” of the Gulf and to instead embrace Iran’s regional primacy under the Nixon Doctrine. Drawing on Iranian sources, this chapter reveals that the shah’s actions during the 1969 Shatt al-Arab border crisis between Iran and Iraq nearly sparked a war between the two countries. It also details the Nixon administration’s illegal funneling of American arms to Pakistan via Iran during the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War.
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