Abstract

In natural populations in SW Sweden, the overwintering subadult specimens of the sheetweb spider Pityohyphantes phrygianus (C. L. Koch) moult to maturity in late spring, the males on average maturing before the females. In laboratory experiments, three environmental cues were manipulated―photoperiod, temperature and food level―to assess their importance to the decision to moult and protandry in overwintering subadults

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