Abstract
The purpose of this study is to outline relevant elements regarding the biochemical interactions between prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported restorations and the oral environment. Implant-supported prostheses have seen unprecedented development in recent years, benefiting from the emergence of both new prosthetic materials (with increased biocompatibility and very good mechanical behavior), and computerized manufacturing technologies, which offer predictability, accuracy, and reproducibility. On the other hand, the quality of conventional materials for obtaining implant-supported prostheses is acknowledged, as they have already proven their clinical performance. The properties of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate))—which is a representative interim material frequently used in prosthodontics—and of PEEK (polyether ether ketone)—a biomaterial which is placed on the border between interim and final prosthetic use—are highlighted in order to illustrate the complex way these materials interact with the oral environment. In regard to definitive prosthetic materials used for obtaining implant-supported prostheses, emphasis is placed on zirconia-based ceramics. Zirconia exhibits several distinctive advantages (excellent aesthetics, good mechanical behavior, biocompatibility), through which its clinical applicability has become increasingly wide. Zirconia’s interaction with the oral environment (fibroblasts, osteoblasts, dental pulp cells, macrophages) is presented in a relevant synthesis, thus revealing its good biocompatibility.
Highlights
The introduction of endosseous dental implants into dental practice has opened new perspectives in the prosthetic treatment of partially and completely edentulous patients
It is widely considered that the use of endosseous dental implants has become a routine clinical procedure; the favorable long-term outcomes of dental implant therapy have been acknowledged in the scientific literature, the reported survival rate of dental implants being more than 90% after a follow-up period of at least 5 years [1]
The biocompatibility and biomechanical properties of materials used in obtaining implant-supported prostheses represent important topics in modern scientific research
Summary
The introduction of endosseous dental implants into dental practice has opened new perspectives in the prosthetic treatment of partially and completely edentulous patients. Based on the experimental results that highlighted the key role played by OS in the molecular mechanisms of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) material toxicity, a new challenge is represented by studying the effects of antioxidants in the resin exposure context. The substrate roughness, mechanical properties, surface energy, and wettability play key roles in the way cell adhesion occurs [92,93,94,95] Both PAEK and PEEK (polyether ether ketone) macromolecules have higher hydrophobicity and lower surface energy compared to ceramic or metallic materials, due to the reduced number of polar functional groups on their surface [92,93,94,95]. The implementation of CAD/CAM technology in dentistry and the increasing demand for esthetic restorations led to the development of zirconia-based restorations
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