Prostheses from the decellularized aorta and bioresorbable material in vivo

Abstract

Modern vascular prostheses are prone to thrombosis and infections. Effective anticoagulant antibacterial therapy approaches and the development of other prostheses materials are very relevant today. In this context, prostheses from the decellularized vessel and bioresorbable material, polylactide for example, are of great interest due to the high probability of endogenous endothelization induced by the extracellular protein matrix, followed by the formation of the autogenic matrix of the vessel. Such blood vessels are characterized by atrombogenicity, porosity of the structure, prone to integration with the vascular wall of the recipient, endothelization, matrix and vessel formation. We would like to emphasize that such prostheses are capable of growth and are suitable not only for adults, but also for children with cardiovascular defects. However, our study of these prostheses in the dynamics of the posttransplantation period did not match the expected results: the prosthesis from the decellularized aorta turned out to be unsuitable within the first month after transplantation. The prosthesis from the bioresorbable material didn’t cause complications but conceal the risk of spontaneous insolvency caused by predetermined bioresorption and postponement formation of extracellular matrix. We assumed that the hybrid biosynthetic prosthesis consisting of two layers: the inner one made of a bioresorbable thrombo-resistant material and the outer one – from a decellularized vessel may be the decision. The internal bioresorbable layer will remove the problems of thrombosis, the formation of an aneurysm, and the external layer from the vascular matrix will ensure the migration into the prosthesis of the cells of the precursors of endotheliocytes and myocytes.