Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System Version 2.0

Abstract

Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Reporting and Data System (PSMA-RADS) was introduced for standardized reporting, and PSMA-RADS version 1.0 allows classification of lesions based on their likelihood of representing a site of prostate cancer on PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography (PET). In recent years, this system has extensively been investigated. Increasing evidence has accumulated that the different categories reflect their actual meanings, such as true positivity in PSMA-RADS 4 and 5 lesions. Interobserver agreement studies demonstrated high concordance among a broad spectrum of 68Ga- or 18F-labeled, PSMA-directed radiotracers, even for less experienced readers. Moreover, this system has also been applied to challenging clinical scenarios and to assist in clinical decision-making, for example, to avoid overtreatment in oligometastatic disease. Nonetheless, with an increasing use of PSMA-RADS 1.0, this framework has shown not only benefits, but also limitations, for example, for follow-up assessment of locally treated lesions. Thus, we aimed to update the PSMA-RADS framework to include a refined set of categories in order to optimize lesion-level characterization and best assist in clinical decision-making (PSMA-RADS version 2.0).