Prostate specific antigen in the serum of men ≥ 50 years old with benign prostatic hyperplasia and some related factors

Abstract

Background: Men over 50 years old often have lower urinary tract symptoms and most of them are caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia increases with age. Besides benign prostate disease, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in Vietnam and ranks 7th according to GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates. Recognizing the characteristics of prostate-specific antigens will help in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with prostatic pathologies are effective and accurate. The study aims to study the clinical and subclinical characteristics of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms and investigate the characteristics of the concentration of prostate-specific antigens and some related factors. Subjects and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 90 male patients aged 50 years and older with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Record clinical features, ultrasound to measure prostatic volume, uroflowmetry, and serum PSA levels to be quantified. Evaluate the correlation between tPSA concentration with some factors such as: age, prostatic volume. Results: The most common age groups were 60 - 69 years old and 70 - 79 years old, patients were admitted to the hospital when they had moderate to severe urinary disorders, the average IPSS score was 19.0 ± 6.9; average QoL score 3.5 ± 1.1. The most common lower urinary tract symptoms were feeling of incomplete urination (86.7%), weak urine stream (84.4%), urinary exertion (81.1%), nocturia (80.0%). The mean prostate volume measured by ultrasound was 36.13 ± 10.86 ml. The mean bladder residual volume was 96.0 ± 47.6 ml, the mean Qmax was 12.7 ± 5.3 ml/s, the mean Qave was 5.6 ± 2.4 ml/s. Most patients had total PSA < 4 ng/ml, accounting for 73.3%. Conclusion: Most of the benign prostatic hyperplasia had total prostate-specific antigen < 4 ng/ml, accounting for 73.3%, only 3.3% of patients exceeded the level > 10 ng/ml. There was no statistically significant relationship between total prostate-specific antigen levels and patient age. Total prostate-specific antigen concentration was related to the patient’s prostate volume (p < 0.05). Key words: prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).