Abstract
The recent study by Baxter et al1 on rectal cancer associated with prostate cancer radiotherapy extended by several years the follow-up period from our earlier study,2 based on the same SEER cancer registry database. The more extended follow-up confirms our earlier conclusion that rectal cancer is significantly elevated in long-term survivors of prostate cancer radiotherapy, compared with a comparison group of prostate cancer patients who underwent surgery alone. Baxter et al1 report risks for radiation-associated rectal cancer that are very similar to our earlier estimates; specifically, they estimate a hazard ratio (radiotherapy vs.
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