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Abstract
BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a complex disorder resulting from the combined effects of multiple environmental and genetic factors. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate several cellular processes and have an important role in many human malignancies including PCa. We assessed the sRNA profiles associated with PCa in Arabs, a population that has rarely been studied.MethodsWe used next generation sequencing technology to obtain the entire sRNA transcriptome of primary prostate tumor formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, and their paired non-tumor tissues, collected from Bedouin patients (Qatari and Saudi). The miRNA and the target gene expression were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. miRNA KEGG pathway and miRNA target genes were subsequently analyzed by starBase and TargetScan software.ResultsDifferent expression patterns of several sRNA and miRNA editing were revealed between PCa tumor and their paired non-tumor tissues. Our study identified four miRNAs that are strongly associated with prostate cancer, which have not been reported previously. Differentially expressed miRNAs significantly affect various biological pathways, such as cell cycle, endocytosis, adherence junction and pathways involved in cancer. Prediction of potential targets for the identified miRNAs indicates the overexpression of KRAS, BCL2 and down-regulation of PTEN in PCa tumor tissues.ConclusionThese miRNAs, newly associated with prostate cancer, may represent not only markers for the increased risk of PCa in Arabs, but may also reflect the clinical and pathological diversity as well as the ethno-specific heterogeneity of prostate cancer.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disorder resulting from the combined effects of multiple environ‐ mental and genetic factors
Small non‐coding RNA transcriptomes of Arab prostate cancer specimens Small RNA transcriptomes from a total of 10 pairs of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) PCa tissues and their adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by Next generation sequencing (NGS)
The read count percentages (Table 1) for small nuclear RNAs (snRNA), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) and small non-coding RNA (sRNA) repeats were significantly higher in PCa tumor tissues than in non-tumor tissues (P = 0.015; P = 0.002; P = 0.049 and P = 0.01 respectively)
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disorder resulting from the combined effects of multiple environ‐ mental and genetic factors. Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate several cellular processes and have an important role in many human malignancies including PCa. We assessed the sRNA profiles associated with PCa in Arabs, a population that has rarely been studied. The incidence of the disease has been increasing in the Arab populations [2]. From 1991 to 2006, PCa was the most common cancer in Qatari males over 65 years old [3]. In Kuwait, the incidence of prostate cancer rose to 12.3/100,000 men/year in 2004 [4]. In Arab populations, the incidence of PCa correlates with a low prostate volume and a low testosterone level.
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