Abstract
This study was performed to assess prostate biomarkers with reference to body mass index and duration of prostate cancer. A hospital based retrospective study was undertaken using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2009 and 28th February, 2012. Biomarkers studied were prostate specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT). Demographic data including age, duration of disease, body weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were also collected. Duration of disease was categorized into three groups: <1 year, 1-2 years and >2 years. Similarly, BMI (kg/m2) was categorized into three groups: <23 kg/m2, 23-25 kg/ m2 and >25 kg/m2. Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. Out of 57 prostate cancers, serum level of PSA, ACP and PAP were increased above the cut-off point in 50 (87.5%), 30 (52.63%) and 40 (70.18%) respectively. Serum levels of PSA, ACP and PAP significantly declined with the duration of disease after diagnosis. We observed significant and inverse relation between PSA and BMI. Similar non-signficiant tendencies were apparent for ACP and PAP. Decreasing levels of prostate biomarkers were found with the duration of prostate cancer and with increased BMI. Out of prostate biomarkers, PSA was found to be significantly decreased with the duration of disease and BMI.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in male above 60 years age more than 40 years is the risk factor for prostate cancer (Ceber et al, 2010; Nath et al, 2012)
We found that significant elevation of prostate specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and γGT in prostate cancer cases compared with normal control group
PSA and PAP are the predominant proteins found in prostate glands and most of the part of ACP is covered by PAP in prostate cancer
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in male above 60 years age more than 40 years is the risk factor for prostate cancer (Ceber et al, 2010; Nath et al, 2012). Prostatic biomarkers including prostate specific antigen (PSA), acid phosphatase (ACP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) can be utilized in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of prostate cancer (Morote et al, 1989). Serum level of prostatic biomarkers decreases in prostate cancer with longer duration after diagnosis reflects the better indicator of organ’s response for the treatment of tumors (Filella et al, 1990). Different documentation from different studies regarding association between body mass index and detection rate of prostate cancer provided great loopholes. Chiu et al (2011) reported a higher BMI was significantly associated with lower PSA levels. To the best of our knowledge, no study regarding prostate biomarker’s relation with the duration of PCa and BMI has been reported from Nepal.
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