Abstract
Context: The formation of primordial follicles occurs during fetal life yet is critical to the determination of adult female fertility. Prior to this stage, germ cells proliferate, enter meiosis, and associate with somatic cells. Growth and survival factors implicated in these processes include activin A (INHBA), the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 (NTF5), and MCL1. The prostaglandins have pleiotrophic roles in reproduction, notably in ovulation and implantation, but there are no data regarding roles for prostaglandins in human fetal ovarian development. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate a possible role for prostaglandin (PG) E2 in human fetal ovary development. Design: In vitro analysis of ovarian development between 8 and 20 wk gestation was performed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The expression patterns of PG synthesis enzymes and the PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 in the ovary were assessed, and downstream effects of PGE2 on gene expression were analyzed. Results: Ovarian germ cells express the PG...
Highlights
No differences in insulin requirements were found between diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome, lower estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) levels, indicating greater insulin resistance, were observed in metabolic syndrome patients compared with those without (6.19 Ϯ 1.5 mg/kgϪ11⁄7minϪ1 vs. 9.93 Ϯ 1.6 mg/kgϪ11⁄7minϪ1) (P Ͻ 0.001)
Treatment in vitro with PGE2 increased the expression of BDNF mRNA 1.7 Ϯ 0.16-fold (P ϭ 0.004); INHBA mRNA, 2.1 Ϯ 0.51-fold (P ϭ 0.04); and MCL1 mRNA, 1.15 Ϯ 0.06-fold (P ϭ 0.04), but not that of OCT4, DAZL, VASA, NTF5, or SMAD3
These data indicate novel roles for PGE2 in the regulation of germ cell development in the human ovary and show that these effects may be mediated by the regulation of factors including BDNF, activin A, and MCL1
Summary
UCP-1 expression was similar in patients without and with severe coronary atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate in Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to quantify insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes patients by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), according to the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome, and its relationship with chronic complications.
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