Prospects of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Based Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2.

Mariangela Garofalo,Magdalena Wieczorek,Stefano Salmaso,Katarzyna Wanda Pancer,Lukasz Kuryk,Monika Staniszewska,Paolo Caliceti

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020293

Abstract

The current appearance of the new SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it quickly spreading across the world poses a global health emergency. The serious outbreak position is affecting people worldwide and requires rapid measures to be taken by healthcare systems and governments. Vaccinations represent the most effective strategy to prevent the epidemic of the virus and to further reduce morbidity and mortality with long-lasting effects. Nevertheless, currently there are no licensed vaccines for the novel coronaviruses. Researchers and clinicians from all over the world are advancing the development of a vaccine against novel human SARS-CoV-2 using various approaches. Herein, we aim to present and discuss the progress and prospects in the field of vaccine research towards SARS-CoV-2 using adenovirus (AdV) replication deficient-based strategies, with a comprehension that may support research and combat this recent world health emergency.

Highlights

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin registered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [1]
The whole genome sequencing highlighted that SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
The human-to-human spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a health emergency of global concern

Summary

Introduction

In December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin registered in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [1]. The new SARS-coronavirus was found in patients and is considered to be the causative agent of the new emerging lung disease [1], acute kidney injury (AKI) [4,5], ischemia stroke and blood clots [5,6], and affects the nervous, vascular, digestive, urinary and haematological systems [7]. This recent issue poses a global health emergency. We hope that this brief review will support the global community and help in designing the appropriate immune intervention for the prophylactic vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Vaccines as a Tool to Prevent Infectious Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 Structure and Protein Composition

Adenoviruses as a Promising Vaccine Adjuvant

Clinical Prospects on COVID-19 Vaccine Development

Conclusions