Abstract
Electric mobility offers a low cost of travel along with energy and harmful emissions savings. Nevertheless, a comprehensive literature review is missing for the prospects of electric vehicles in developing countries. Such an overview would be instrumental for policymakers to understand the barriers and opportunities related to different types of electric vehicles (EVs). Considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was performed of the electronic databases Google Scholar and Web of Science for the years 2010–2020. The electric four-wheelers, hybrid electric vehicles and electric two-wheeler constituted the electric vehicles searched in the databases. Initially, 35 studies identified in the Web of Science that matched the criteria were studied. Later, 105 other relevant reports and articles related to barriers and opportunities were found by using Google Scholar and studied. Results reveal that electric four-wheelers are not a feasible option in developing countries due to their high purchase price. On the contrary, electric two-wheelers may be beneficial as they come with a lower purchase price.
Highlights
Electrification of mobility offers numerous benefits such as reduction on oil dependency and improvement of the environment [1]
This literature review focused on understanding the driving and resisting forces directed towards the three types of electric vehicles (EVs) (E4Ws, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and E2Ws) in developing countries
It can be understood that E2Ws are more feasible for developing countries due to their low purchase price and low operational cost
Summary
Electrification of mobility offers numerous benefits such as reduction on oil dependency and improvement of the environment [1]. The electric mobility is represented by electric vehicles (EVs), which consume less energy and emit zero tailpipe greenhouse gases (GHG) [2]. No prior research is performed which directs the type of EVs that could be more successful in the developing countries. There are numerous forces that push and pull the equilibrium state of the established market for different mobility vehicles. There are several driving forces associated with EVs’ adoption, such as the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), efficient energy use, gasoline savings and low operational cost. A comparative analysis was performed to understand the resisting and driving force for adopting the different types of EVs in the developing countries. It was highlighted that E2Ws and HEVs hold more potential in developing countries than E4Ws
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