Prospects of Development of Legislation on Territories with Special Regime for Business Activity

E A Gromova

doi:10.17803/1729-5920.2020.168.11.009-020

Abstract

Territories with a special regime for business that have shown themselves to good advantage in a number of foreign countries have not yielded the expected positive results in Russia. In this regard, the issues concerning the future of special and free economic zones, regional development zones, areas of advanced social and economic development and Free Port of Vladivostok should be considered. The paper analyzes the draft Federal Law “On Preferential Regimes”. Under the draft Federal Law, it is proposed to transform most territories with a special regime for business activity into a new type, namely: special free economic zones. The paper has determined the advantages of the enactment: additional grounds for termination of the special free economic zone in case of its inefficiency; expansion of the list of preferences granted to residents; possibility of formation of portfolios of preferences in compliance with the needs of a particular region; requirements for managing companies to ensure their adherence to fair competition. The author indicates such shortcomings of the draft law as: the possibility of imposing supplementary requirements on residents of the special free economic zone and their investment projects in addition to requirements provided for by the draft law; imperfection of the contractual form of business activity implemented by residents of such zones, and the fact that the draft law’s provisions concerning transformation do not apply to a number of territories with a special regime for business activity (special free economic zones of Magadan and Kaliningrad regions, free economic zone of the Republic of Crimea). It is concluded that the idea of unifying existing territories with special regime cannot be embodied in the current version of the draft federal law “On Preferential Regimes”.

Highlights

Одним из инструментов, способных повысить инвестиционную привлекательность государства, выступают территории со специальным режимом экономической деятельности
Territories with a special regime for business that have shown themselves to good advantage in a number of foreign countries have not yielded the expected positive results in Russia
The paper has determined the advantages of the enactment: additional grounds for termination of the special free economic zone in case of its inefficiency; expansion of the list of preferences granted to residents; possibility of formation of portfolios of preferences in compliance with the needs of a particular region; requirements for managing companies to ensure their adherence to fair competition

Summary

Introduction

Способных повысить инвестиционную привлекательность государства, выступают территории со специальным режимом экономической деятельности. В статье анализируется проект федерального закона «О преференциальных режимах», в рамках которого предлагается трансформировать большинство территорий со специальным режимом осуществления экономической деятельности в новый тип — специальные экономические зоны. Указывается на такие недостатки законопроекта, как: возможность установления дополнительных требований к резидентам специальной экономической зоны и их инвестиционным проектам, помимо тех, которые предусмотрены законопроектом; несовершенство договорной формы осуществления предпринимательской деятельности резидентами таких зон; а также тот факт, что положения данного акта о трансформации не распространяются на ряд территорий со специальным режимом экономической деятельности (особые экономические зоны Магаданской и Калининградской областей, свободную экономическую зону Республики Крым).

Results

Conclusion