Prospects of commercial horticulture placement of Dagestan

Abstract

In the article, the complexity of the geomorphological conditions of the Republic of Dagestan, which necessitates the solution of issues of scientifically based placement and specialization of the horticulture is noted. The goal of study is the evaluation of approaches in placement of fruit crops in Dagestan in recent years. Economical and statistical, analytical, abstract and logical methods are applied. The card of placement of fruit crops on zones and subzones of the regions of Dagestan is given. The issues of horticulture development disclosed, taking into account the existing vertical zoning. The perspective directions of development of horticulture are determined taking into account the complex of natural and economic peculiarities of each fruit zone. The advantages of foothill and mountainous zone of the Republic in the development of industrial fruit-growing, which are expressed in high quality of fruit products and tree trees resistance to diseases are reflected. Among the main negative factors of placement of fruit crops in this zone, high costs for reclamation and agro-technical measures, as well as susceptibility to return spring frosts, the probability of which increases despite the fact that winters are becoming visibly warmer have been highlighted. The positive aspects of conducting terraced agriculture for the Republic, ensuring the involvement in the turnover of sloping lands, reduction of material and labor costs are given. The analysis of structure of varieties has revealed negative tendency in the spread of new foreign varieties, which are not adapted to local conditions that negatively influences on phytosanitary environment in the region. It was proposed to restore the functioning of variety plots in each natural-climatic zone. Calculations of the areas, outputs and productivity from 1990 to 2016 are given. The negative dynamics of areas and gross harvest of fruit crops in agricultural enterprises for the analyzed period is revealed, that is due to deep production and financial crisis situation in this sector of management, especially for horticultural enterprises of the mountain zone. It was noted that the key trend in Dagestan horticulture is the implementation of intensive technologies. The main directions of horticulture recovery in the republic are suggested: modernization of material and technical resources, creation of highly specialized horticultural farms, electronic maps for the gardens, development of a new plan of the placement of horticulture and fruit farming enterprises, as well as full state support.