Prospects for the use of fibrin scaffolds populated with pulp and periodontal stem cells: an experimental study

Abstract

Relevance. Creating three-dimensional scaffolds from biodegradable materials and seeding them with stem cells derived from the oral tissues is a promising tool for guided tissue regeneration. Pulp and periodontal stem cells have a high potential for osteogenic differentiation, which biologically determines their use in surgical bone reconstruction. The experiment shows the result of using fibrin glue seeded with pulp and periodontal stem cells on the mandible of laboratory mice. The article presents the results of computed tomography and histological examination. The data provide evidence of the influence of seeded scaffolds on bone remodeling in the area of the defect.Materials and methods. The Local Ethics Committee of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov gave permission for the practical part of the research work. The study included 29 white laboratory mice. Molars were extracted and a bone defect was formed. Pulp and periodontal stem cells were obtained and cell-seeded scaffolds were made, then they were introduced into the defect area. The animals were euthanized, maxillofacial CT scan and histology of the defect area were performed 28 days after the molar extraction.Results. The oral cavity of mice was examined, molars were extracted, and teeth were morphologically examined under anesthesia. Scaffolds were synthesized and bone defects were filled. CT scans and histology results were analyzed. The bone volume increased in the main group compared to the control group.Conclusion. The fibrin glue can be used to obtain a material with mechanical characteristics sufficient for a stable shape scaffold. The study proved that the pulp stem cells enclosed in a fibrin glue-based scaffold can maintain the ability to proliferate and osteogenically differentiate. The scaffold based on fibrin glue, which we used, affected the bone remodeling process in the area of jaw defects.