Abstract
The article considers the species of fur animals bred in Ukraine. The volumes of fur production and the number of animal farms in the world and Ukraine are analyzed, of which Denmark, China and Poland are in the top three. The share in the total volume of fur production in Ukraine is only 1%. Domestic enterprises for breeding fur animals, which keep about 700 thousand minks in industrial conditions, are considered.The structure of the gastrointestinal tract of carnivorous and herbivorous fur animals, their consumption of nutrients and biologically active substances in feed were analyzed. Features of feeding fur animals are determined by the seasonality of vital functions, which determines changes in metabolism and nutritional value of feed. The importance of access to fresh drinking water in the diets of carnivorous fur animals is considered.The necessity of production of compound feeds for fur animals, which meet the norms of feeding and restrictions on the introduction of components, is substantiated.The need of fur-bearing animals in nutrients and biologically active substances for the production of high-quality nutritious compound feeds, for obtaining high-quality shine and density of fur, better digestibility by the body is shown. The ratios of digestible nutrients in the diets of minks of domestic and Scandinavian breeds are given, the percentage of metabolic energy in different feeding periods is given. The low percentage of compound feed production for fur farming is substantiated.Types of compound feeds and their advantages are presented. Technological methods of production of compound feeds for fur animals such as extrusion, expansion and granulation with the introduction of fat into the press granulator are analyzed. Finished feed should be solid and have a granule size of 4.5… 5 mm for grinding cutters, with high nutritional properties and biological value, and improved sanitation. Thanks to modern technologies, harmful microflora is disinfected and shelf life is increased.The state of domestic feed mills for the production of quality feed for fur animals is analyzed. Thanks to the emergence of new recipes and compliance with feeding standards, the technology of compound feed production for fur farming is being improved.
Highlights
Fur farming is a branch of agriculture that involves breeding animals to produce fur products
Results and its discussion Fur farming is a seasonal business, the highest feeding costs are in the summer, because the basis of animal health, their beautiful and thick fur, is a balanced feeding, feed that is rich in nutrients and biologically active substances
Conclusions the business of breeding fur animals is popular because of the production of valuable fur, as well as a way to dispose of animal waste generated in the food industry
Summary
Fur farming is a branch of agriculture that involves breeding animals to produce fur products. In Ukraine, farmers breed minks mainly, from which 90 % of all fur is obtained (Fig. 1), the remaining 10 % is accounted for by: fox (about 5 %), arctic fox (4 %) and other species (1 %) [4]. According to the Association of Breeders of Ukraine, there are 10 large animal farms, 4 of which are industrial. Among the developed nonEU countries, the leaders in fur production are China about 17 million skins per year, Canada - about 1.5 million skins per year and the United States - 3.9 million skins per year (Table 1) [3, 7]
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