Abstract
132 As we know, blast-furnace refractories must be characterized by thermal and chemical strength and low gas permeability. They must also maintain the lining strength in high-intensity smelting, when the temperature in the tuyere zone and the hot-blast-channel is high [1, 2]. Note that, in recent years, requirements on blastfurnace life and the period between repair sessions have become significantly stiffer [3]. According to design standards, repairs at the first, second, and third levels should last 35–40, 15, and 4 days, respectively.
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