Abstract
Kidney diseases are regarded as one of the major public health issues in the world. The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the causative factors involved in kidney disease and the therapeutic aspects of Moringa oleifera, as well as (ii) the effectiveness of M. oleifera in the anti-inflammation and antioxidant processes of the kidney while minimizing all potential side effects. In addition, we proposed a hypothesis to improve M. oleifera based drug development. This study was updated by searching the key words M. oleifera on kidney diseases and M. oleifera on oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in online research databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. The following validation checking and scrutiny analysis of the recently published articles were used to explore this study. The recent existing research has found that M. oleifera has a plethora of health benefits. Individual medicinal properties of M. oleifera leaf extract, seed powder, stem extract, and the whole extract (ethanol/methanol) can up-increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), while decreasing the activity of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2. In our study, we have investigated the properties of this plant against kidney diseases based on existing knowledge with an updated review of literature. Considering the effectiveness of M. oleifera, this study would be useful for further research into the pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights of M. oleifera, as well as prospects of Moringa-based effective medicine development for human benefits.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilKidney diseases are considered among the major health problems worldwide
This study provides a hypothesis on how M. oleifera would be effective in the anti-inflammation and antioxidant processes of the kidney, with the least amount of side effects
These results suggest that moringa root extract may reduce renal fibrosis by a mechanism related to its antifibrotic activity in rat kidney fibroblast cells
Summary
Kidney diseases are considered among the major health problems worldwide. Since 1990, CKD has been included in the list of non-communicable conditions investigated by the global burden of disease study. The kidneys gradually lose their ability to function in CKD patients, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 [1,2]. People who have been already suffering from diabetes, heart disease, or high blood pressure are at a high risk of developing CKD. Few drugs, such as prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors against anemia in CKD [3], can be used to treat CKD complications. No potential drug for treating kidney diseases exists at iations
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