Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children. There is an unmet need for new objective methods that would facilitate and accelerate the diagnostic process, thus improving the prognosis. In many studies, the participation of microRNA in epileptogenesis has been confirmed. Therefore, it seems to be a promising candidate for this role. Scientists show the possibility of using microRNAs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Children with epilepsy would benefit particularly from the use of this innovative method. However, the number of studies related to this age group is very limited. This review is based on 10 studies in children and summarizes the information collected from studies on animal models and the adult population. A total of 136 manuscripts were included in the analysis. The aim of the review was to facilitate the design of studies in children and to draw attention to the challenges and traps related to the analysis of the results. Our review suggests a high potential for the use of microRNAs and the need for further research.
Highlights
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease with a heterogeneous clinical picture, characterized by the occurrence of asynchronous spontaneous and recurrent neural discharges
The results showed the involvement of exosomal miRNAs as the seizure regulators and potent diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets [10]
Identification of miRNA with altered expression based on polymerase chainreaction reaction(PCR)
Summary
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease with a heterogeneous clinical picture, characterized by the occurrence of asynchronous spontaneous and recurrent neural discharges. The diagnosis of epilepsy is based on the clinical picture presented by the patient that can be difficult to verify when there are no witnesses to the seizure. Scientists have high hopes for the discovery of the genetic background of epilepsy, which could be a reliable diagnostic tool. Despite knowing nearly 200 genes associated with the disease in most patients, the genetic background is still unknown [3]. Rapid and accurate diagnosis, combined with effective treatment, is important in the group of pediatric patients, as it would help to prevent severe sequelae of the disease such as exposure to mental disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression [4], delayed psychomotor development or cognitive disorders. Approximately 30% of patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs, prompting further studies on the molecular basis of epilepsy and the implementation of targeted treatment
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