Abstract
Low carbon hydrogen can be an excellent source of clean energy, which can combat global climate change and poor air quality. Hydrogen based economy can be a great opportunity for a country like Qatar to decarbonize its multiple sectors including transportation, shipping, global energy markets, and industrial sectors. However, there are still some barriers to the realization of a hydrogen-based economy, which includes large scale hydrogen production cost, infrastructure investments, bulk storage, transport & distribution, safety consideration, and matching supply-demand uncertainties. This paper highlights how the aforementioned challenges can be handled strategically through a multi-sector industrial-urban symbiosis for the hydrogen supply chain implementation. Such symbiosis can enhance the mutual relationship between diverse industries and urban planning by exploring varied scopes of multi-purpose hydrogen usage (i.e., clean energy source as a safer carrier, industrial feedstock and intermittent products, vehicle and shipping fuel, and international energy trading, etc.) both in local and international markets. It enables individual entities and businesses to participate in the physical exchange of materials, by-products, energy, and water, with strategic advantages for all participants. Besides, waste/by-product exchanges, several different kinds of synergies are also possible, such as the sharing of resources and shared facilities. The diversified economic base, regional proximity and the facilitation of rules, strategies and policies may be the key drivers that support the creation of a multi-sector hydrogen supply chain in Qatar.
Highlights
Hydrogen (H2) economy can play a significant role in the global energy mix and mitigating the impacts of global warming
Many tradeoffs that exist within the Industrial sector that can be leveraged while considering integrated hydrogen production system using latest renewable energy technologies
Hydrogen may be the “missing link” to provide high volumes of renewable energy for multiple sectors, which would otherwise have trouble decarbonizing via direct electrification, such as transportation, industry, and current use of natural gas
Summary
Hydrogen (H2) economy can play a significant role in the global energy mix and mitigating the impacts of global warming. If the practicality and feasibility of H2 as transportation fuel is established for small, heavy vehicles and shipping sectors in Qatar; this means a great opportunity for the country to decarbonize its industrial and energy sector and greatly reduce its Greenhouse gas emission. The objective of this paper will be to highlight the state-of-art, perspective and recommendation on hydrogen economy for developing H2 supply chain mapping for Qatar’s Industrial, Transportation, Shipping and Global Market Sectors in order to leverage the tradeoffs and to maximize the production of H2 as a clean energy source with a bigger role in the energy mix. The process is not emission neutral, unless the use of alternative renewable sources is considered to reduce the energy penalties Another challenge is the higher production costs for green technologies such as electrolysis (green H2) are relatively high compared to established H2 production systems (gray H2). H2 produced from hydrocarbon sources, where the generated carbon emissions are captured or utilized, are considered “blue H2.” Hydrogen produced from nuclear is considered as blue H2 due to the small amount of carbon emissions
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