Prospective Study of the Possibility of Correcting Various Forms of Aphasia, Taking Into Account the Processes of Neurodynamics in Speech Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Brain Damage

Abstract

Background: The relevance of the study is associated with the high incidence and severity of speech dysfunctions in patients with chronic brain damage. Sydromal speech disorders associated with lesions of the right hemisphere of the brain, in contrast to the left hemisphere syndromes, are characterized by a blurred structure of the defect itself, less resistance to external influences, a large volume of the neurodynamic component, which should be taken into account in rehabilitation as a factor that makes a significant positive contribution to the achievement the result of correctional and rehabilitation work. A comprehensive method of correctional and rehabilitation work with this category of patients, differentiated according to the forms of aphasia and taking into account neurodynamic processes, is currently absent, which constitutes a significant medical and social problem. Aims: Approbation and evaluation of the effectiveness of complex methodological and methodological approaches to the correction of various forms of aphasias, taking into account the processes of neurodynamics in speech rehabilitation in patients with chronic brain damage. Materials and methods: 80 patients with various forms of aphasia (dynamic, semantic, acoustic-mnestic) resulting from severe right-hemispheric brain injuries were examined, including 40 patients in the main group and 40 in the control group. The assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation work on the horizon of 6 and 12 months was carried out by monitoring the dynamics of the disease. Methods and experience of rehabilitation work, structured according to the most common forms of aphasia, are described in detail. Results: The presence of stable improvements in the state of speech function was shown in patients with various forms of aphasia 6 and 12 months after the beginning of rehabilitation in patients, including cases of complicated dynamic aphasia. Methodical, methodological and practical recommendations for the correction of various forms of aphasia are given, taking into account the processes of neurodynamics in speech rehabilitation in patients with chronic brain injuries, indicators of the dynamics of rehabilitation of patients with Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology confirming the effectiveness of correctional and rehabilitation work are given. Conclusions: The effectiveness of an integrated approach to the rehabilitation of patients with various forms of aphasia, taking into account the processes of neurodynamics, based on a combination of speech therapy classes, therapeutic intervention, measures of neurometabolic support and carrying out general strengthening measures has been proven.