Prospective Study of Sex-Specific Adiponectin Changes and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study.

Ji Hye Huh,Tae Woong Yoon,Jang Young Kim,Dae Ryong Kang

doi:10.3390/jcm8050599

Abstract

We investigated whether changes in adiponectin levels over time predict incident metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population-based prospective study. In total, 1110 subjects were categorized into four groups according to their sex-specific median baseline adiponectin levels and the change in adiponectin levels at follow-up: low baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&DF), low baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (LB&IF), high baseline adiponectin and decreased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&DF), and high baseline adiponectin and increased adiponectin during follow-up (HB&IF). During the median 2.4-year follow-up period, 180 (16.2%) subjects developed MetS. Compared to the LB&DF group, the fully adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident MS was the lowest in the HB&IF group (0.33, (0.17–0.63)), followed by the HB&DF group (0.58, (0.40–0.84)) and LB&IF group (0.63, (0.41–0.93)). This phenomenon was more prominent in men than in women. Among the individual MetS components, increased adiponectin levels during follow-up were significantly associated with lower risks of incident low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and incident high blood pressure. This finding suggests that a change in adiponectin level, as well as the baseline adiponectin level, might have a clinical role in the development of MetS among men.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is related to insulin resistance; these factors include central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension [1]
We found that the lower risk of incident MetS in subjects with increased adiponectin levels during follow-up was significantly independent of baseline adiponectin levels
While the previous studies reporting a sexually dimorphic association of adiponectin with metabolic disease only investigated the effects of circulating adiponectin measured at baseline, our finding clearly demonstrated that adiponectin changes have a different relationship to incident MetS especially in men

Summary

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors whose underlying pathophysiology is related to insulin resistance; these factors include central obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension [1]. Adiponectin, one of the adipokines exclusively secreted from adipose tissue, has protective properties against obesity-related diseases [5]. A recent study found that in obese subjects, weight loss is correlated with a rise in adiponectin levels, with a specific increase of the most biologically active form [7]. This suggests a functional recovery in adipose tissue after lifestyle modifications that induces an increase in adiponectin secretion. From these results, we can hypothesize that increasing adiponectin levels can reduce the risk of MetS

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Discussion

Conclusion