Abstract
Purpose: To perform a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isolated recurrent tumor re-irradiation with carbon-ion radiotherapy (RT).Methods and Materials: The inclusion criteria were clinically proven recurrent tumors, measurable by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, patients ≥ 16 years old, performance status scores between 0 and 2, isolated tumor at a previously irradiated site, and a life expectancy > 6 months. The exclusion criteria were tumor invasion into the gastrointestinal tract or a major blood vessel, uncontrolled infection, early recurrence (<3 months), and severe concomitant diseases. The primary end-point was the local control rate, the secondary end-points including the overall survival rate, and adverse events.Results: Between December 2013 and March 2016, 22 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were re-irradiated with carbon-ion RT with radical intent. Five patients had rectal cancer, 4 had sarcoma, 4 had lung cancer, 3 had hepatic cell carcinoma, and 6 had other tumors. The median follow-up time was 26 months. Eight patients developed local recurrence, and the 1- and 2-year local control rates were 71 and 60%, respectively. Eight patients died of their cancers and 2 died of other diseases. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 76 and 67%, respectively. There were no grade 2 or higher acute adverse events and 4 patients (18%) developed grade 3 late adverse events. The group with the longer interval (>16 months) between the first RT and re-irradiation had significantly better outcomes than the shorter interval group (≤ 16 months).Conclusions: Re-irradiation, using carbon-ion RT with radical intent, had favorable local control and overall survival rates without severe toxicities for selected patients. Re-irradiation has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for isolated, local, recurrent tumors; further investigations are required to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.
Highlights
Radiotherapy (RT) is widely performed for several types of tumors and is considered to be a curative and non-invasive treatment
Between December 2013 and March 2016, 22 patients were enrolled in this prospective study (Supplemental Table 1)
We here report the clinical outcomes of a prospective study of re-irradiation using carbon-ion RT in 22 patients with isolated tumor recurrence after the first RT
Summary
Radiotherapy (RT) is widely performed for several types of tumors and is considered to be a curative and non-invasive treatment. The recent development of high precision RT has improved tumor control, local recurrence frequently occurs in advanced cases. Local tumor recurrence after RT is considered a refractory disease, and curative treatment options are limited. Salvage surgery is the mainstay for a curative treatment approach for these patients; comorbidity (e.g., bleeding and ruptured sutures) levels are high because the radiated tissues are fragile [1, 2]. To date, previous re-irradiation was mostly performed as a palliative treatment [3, 4]
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