Prospective study of incidence of cystoid macular edema in uneventful cataract surgery: a study of 100 cases

Abstract

Background: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is the important postoperative complication of cataract surgery, which can compromise the result of a cataract surgery. It can occur even after uneventful cataract surgery, but the incidence rapidly increase after complicated cataract surgery. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) has been used for long time for diagnosis of cystoid macular edema. Angiographic CME, which is the presence of fluorescein leakage within the macular area without visual impairment, must be differentiated from clinical CME. The incidence of the two forms is different, with the angiographic form being much more common. Angiographic CME was reported to occur in 3–70% of the patients 4–6 weeks after cataract surgery. Objective: To study the incidence of cystoid macular edema in uneventful cases of small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprised 100 eyes of 100 patients who have undergone SICS with IOL implantation. Incidence of CME was found with the help of FFA. Results: In the study, 40 male patients and 60 female patient who underwent uneventful SICS of whom 20% male were CME positive and 20% female were CME positive. Angiographic CME (20%) incidence was more than clinical CME (2%). The incidence of CME was more on 30th post-operative day as compared to 7th post-operative study. intracameral adrenaline increases the incidence of CME. Conclusion: Incidence of clinical cystoid macular edema is 2% in uncomplicated cataract surgery, incidence of angiographic cystoid macular edema is 20%.