Abstract
To the Editor: Kawachi et al1 report that type A behavior, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (revised) (MMPI-2), is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and angina, even after controlling for anger and cynicism, also measured by the MMPI-2. This is the first study to validate the predictive validity of the MMPI-2 for cardiac end points. The risk ratios observed were moderately strong, although not as strong as those previously observed for other measures of emotional distress (eg, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Crown-Crisp Phobic Anxiety Inventory). Because …
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