Prospective risk in reciprocal translocation heterozygotes at amniocentesis as determined by potential chromosome imbalance sizes. Data of the European Collaborative Prenatal Diagnosis Centres.

Abstract

The Date of the European Cooperative Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratories (Boué and Gallano, 1984) of 596 prenatal (amniocyte) diagnoses of familial rcp was examined as to relationships between balanced/unbalanced result and ascertainment, carrier parent and chromosome imbalance size (percentage haploid autosome length). Each rearrangement was graphed once with actual (unbalanced result) or potential (normal or balanced result) imbalances plotted with trisomy as the ordinate and monosomy as the abscissa. The graphed data was divided into 15 regions, each of 2.0 per cent trisomy and 0.75 per cent monosomy and the rate of unbalanced pregnancies determined for each region. The highest rates of chromosomally unbalanced progeny (excluding regions with inadequate data) were found closest to the origin (i.e. associated with the smallest imbalances) and these were for ascertainment category 1 (previous rcp unbalanced child) 22.3 per cent for maternal carriers and 39 per cent for paternal carriers. Overall in pooled data for this ascertainment category (without reference to the imbalance graphs) there were for paternal carriers 28.6 per cent unbalanced pregnancies and for maternal carriers 18.1 per cent. The graphed data, therefore, revealed the higher rates associated with some of the rcp with small potential (combined duplication/deficiency) imbalances. Lesser rates were observed for ascertainment category 2 (carrier parent with a history of recurrent miscarriage) with overall percentages of imbalanced progeny ranging from 2.7 (paternal carriers) to 4.7 (maternal carriers). Again, higher rates were revealed in graphed data for small potential imbalances. All unbalanced results for this group (ascertainment category 2) plotted in the region closest to the origin with rates of 16 per cent (maternal carriers) and 9.5 per cent (paternal carriers) in this region. Remarkably in both ascertainment groups 1 and 2 there was no significant difference in the size of the imbalanced segments for unbalanced progeny. In ascertainment group 1 this was (dup/def; mean +/- S.D.): 1.09 +/- 0.77/0.47 +/- 0.45 and in ascertainment group 2: 1.09 +/- 0.80/0.66 +/- 0.71. From the graphed data which arguably denote viability relationships, a trisomy was approximately 2.7 times as likely to survive until amniocentesis as a monosomy of equivalent size. It is proposed that given further data, risk estimates could be determined for rcp heterozygotes using the present approach where empiric data (from the family history or an analysed series of similar rcp) is not available.