Prospective removal characteristics of noxious cationic dye using Cladophora catenata: a sustainable approach

Abstract

ABSTRACT The discharge of Cationic Reactive Yellow 147 (CRY 147) into water bodies may have major consequences for human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and efficient sorbents are being investigated for removing hazardous dyes from textile drain water. The objective of the current study is to explicate the removal of CRY 147 from the synthetic textile medium using Cladophora catenata (C.catenata). The C.catenata was analysed by FTIR, SEM/EDS, and BET methods. The research examined the impacts of different experimental process variables on adsorption. Batch adsorption studies were performed to assess the absorbent’s capacity to capture CRY 147 from aqueous systems. The following factors were investigated: pH, adsorbent-dye ratio, contact duration, CRY 147 concentration, and temperature. The adsorption process matched the Langmuir model in equilibrium studies and the pseudo-kinetic second order in kinetic behaviour. The C. catenata has a maximal monolayer capacity of 87.71 mg g−1 for the elimination of CRY 47. The Boyd’s plot confirmed the external mass transfer as the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The primary mechanisms of CRY 147 adsorption on C. catenata were found to be electrostatic inter linkage, n-π and π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. In addition, a desorption investigation with different eluents was carried out to determine the reusability of C.catenata. Furthermore, the C.catenata showed good stability and regenerability up to four cycles. Subsequently, the findings revealed that C. catenata might be a low-cost, promising, and green sorbent for removing CRY 147 from synthetic suspension/textile wastewater.