Abstract
Background: Approximately 70% of urinary bladder cancer are non-muscle invasive at presentation. It is notorious for its high incidence and recurrence rate. The five-year recurrence rate varies between 30 and 60%. The intravesical treatment evolved out of need to prevent tumour recurrence after local surgical resection.Objectives: To compare intravesical Mitomycin C and BCG therapies in the prevention of recurrences and severity of their side effects.Materials and Methods: 40 patients with superficial bladder cancer were studied in urology unit of surgery department of North Bengal Medical College, Darjeeling from June, 2012 to May, 2013. They underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour. Post operatively 19 patients were treated by intravesical Mitomycin C and 21 patients with BCG. Post intravesical therapy, patients were monitored 3 monthly for recurrence and side effects.Results: No recurrence was observed at the 3rd month follow up, two recurrences were observed at the end of 6th month in the Mitomycin C group. Regarding side effects, cystitis had no significant difference between the two groups but fever, hematuria and retention of urine were found significantly in BCG group during the study period.Conclusions: In the prevention of recurrences, intravesical Mitomycin C and BCG therapies have comparable efficacies at the end of 6 months. A further follow up period is required to see and compare the long term results. The incidence of the side effects although mild was much higher with intravesical BCG therapy.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(1) 2016 p.74-77
Highlights
Bladder is the second most common site for cancer in the genitourinary tract
Treatment for superficial bladder cancer has undergone a revolution from repeated electrocoagulation in 1950s to intravesical chemotherapy using thiotepa in 1960s3 and to immunotherapy using BCG in the 1970s and 80s4
Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 40 patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in the dept. of Surgery, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital and in the urology unit during the period from June’2012 to May’2013
Summary
Bladder is the second most common site for cancer in the genitourinary tract. It is the fourth most common carcinoma in men after prostate, lung and colorectal cancer, and the most common cancer in females[1].Superficial bladder cancer is a frequently encountered urological malignancy. Treatment for superficial bladder cancer has undergone a revolution from repeated electrocoagulation in 1950s to intravesical chemotherapy using thiotepa in 1960s3 and to immunotherapy using BCG in the 1970s and 80s4. Aims and objectives: To study and compare the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy (Mitomycin C) vs intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus CalmetteGuerin(BCG) in prevention of recurrence of tumour in superficial bladder cancer patients following transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 40 patients with superficial bladder cancer treated in the dept. Patients were monitored 3 monthly with side effects if any, urinary cytology, cystoscopy and biopsy of suspicious lesion and ultrasonography of KUB region. Results: A total of 96 patients with active hematuria or history of hematuria were subjected to the preliminary test. 40 patients were found to be of superficial bladder cancer, 25 of invasive cancer and 31 were of non bladder cancer. 34 patients were male and 6 patients were female Table 1: Patients characteristics
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