Abstract
Background and Aims: General anesthesia is known to elicit stress response during endotracheal intubation, but the equally important period of extubation is usually not addressed. The aim was to compare dexmedetomidine and esmolol for attenuation of extubation response. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized double-blind trial, 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II patients between 18 and 60 years of age undergoing abdominal and lower-limb surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 50 each). Patients in Group D received dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg intravenous [IV] bolus) over 10 min and in Group E received esmolol (1 mg/kg bolus IV) before extubation. Hemodynamic parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), were compared at baseline, 10 min before extubation, at extubation, and at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min thereafter. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and analyzed using Student's unpaired t-test and Chi-square test. P
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