Prospective Memory, Working Memory, Inhibitory Control and Time Reproduction in Boys with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Age Matched Controls

Abstract

Background although prospective memory is a known challenge for children with ADHD, few research has been undertaken on the topic. In this study we analyse the relation between prospective memory, working memory, time reproduction and impulse control. Cognitive training often computer-based such as Cogmed (Klingberg et al., 2005) can improve working memory and inhibitory control and therefore also improve prospective memory functioning. Method Nine boys with ADHD matched for chronological age with 11 boys without ADHD, aged 10-12 years performed tasks measuring prospective memory, working memory, time perception and impulse control. Results Prospective memory performance was related to the number of times the child checked for cues to when to act on the prospective memory task. Children with ADHD performed on a par with the control group on the prospective memory task, but they used more cues. The groups did not differ in impulse control or working memory performance, although boys with ADHD underestimated the length of short time periods. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest adequate prospective memory performance in boys with ADHD given appropriate cognitive support. Weak sense for time may result in the need of cues for prospective memory performance.