Prospective Evaluation of the Learning Curve for Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate

Abstract

In a prospective manner we evaluated the learning experience of an endourologist inexperienced with holmium laser prostate enucleation and its impact on surgical outcome. We also reviewed the literature to document technical features of holmium laser prostate enucleation at different institutions. Patient demographic, perioperative and followup data were analyzed. To assess the impact of the learning curve on postoperative outcome patients were divided into group 1--patients 1 to 50, group 2--51 to 100 and group 3--101 to 162. The effect of the learning curve and weight of resected tissue on enucleation and morcellation efficiency was studied. Holmium laser prostate enucleation was successfully completed in 93.82% of patients. Eight patients required conversion to transurethral prostate resection. Enucleation and morcellation efficiency was 0.49 and 2.75 gm per minute, respectively. Enucleation efficiency attained a plateau after 50 cases. Postoperative outcome was compared in the 3 patient groups. There was a higher incidence of capsular perforation and stenotic urethral complications in group 1. In the literature a mean of 57.09% of tissue (range -9.6 to 81.9%) was retrieved after holmium laser prostate enucleation and mean efficiency was 0.52 gm per minute (range -0.11 to 1.09). Efficiency increased proportionally with resected prostate weight. An endourologist inexperienced with holmium laser prostate enucleation can perform the procedure with reasonable efficiency after about 50 cases with an outcome comparable to that of experts, as described in the literature. During the learning curve conversion to transurethral prostate resection can be done without any harm to the patient.