Abstract
The objective of this project is to take into account the mechanical constraints formed by diffusion of hydrogen or tritium in watertight palladium alloy cathode. To know the origin of these, it was necessary to discriminating the damaging effects encountered. Effectively, hydrogen and isotope induce deformation, embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking and cathodic corrosion in different regions of cathode. Palladium can be alloyed with silver or yttrium to favourably increase diffusion and reduce these constraints. Effects of electrochemical factors, temperature, cathode structure, adsorbed transient complex of palladium and porous material support are given to estimate and to limit possible damage.
Highlights
Introduction to the Electrolysis ModelHydrogen is an alternative fuel more efficient than oil or gas
Permeability (P) in palladium cathode depends on the activation energy whereas flow in porous material used as support is a direct function of size of isotope
To overcome embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking by hydrogen and isotope, palladium cathode has to be alloyed, and the electrolytic process operates under conditions where phase transition or temperature critical does not occur
Summary
Hydrogen is an alternative fuel more efficient than oil or gas. It meets energy needs in reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Limiting the tritiated water stock for long duration in nuclear containers helps to reduce the risk of localized corrosion impacting environment by contamination [3] In these processes, stress corrosion cracking depends on diffusing hydrogen or isotope and structure of metal. Permeability (P) in palladium cathode depends on the activation energy whereas flow in porous material used as support is a direct function of size of isotope. In Equation (1), permeability is depending on each diffusion coefficient and the derivative of hydride solubility (∂C) for a defined thickness (∂x) into each phase This system at multiphase could lead to stress into cathode if steady-state equilibrium for the two phases is not reached during diffusion. Electrolysis and diffusion induce two inverted isotopic effects depending on charging and diffusion [4]
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