Abstract
For the purpose of a natural and high-quality speech synthesis, the role of prosody in speech perception has been studied. Prosodic components, which contribute to the expression of emotions and their intensity, were clarified by analyzing emotional speech and by performing listening tests on synthetic speech. It has been confirmed that prosodic components, which are composed of pitch structure, temporal structure, and amplitude structure, contribute to the expression of emotions more than the spectral structure of speech. Listening test results also showed that the temporal structure was the most important for the expression of anger, while both amplitude structure and pitch structure were much more important for the intensity of anger. Pitch structure also played a significant role in the expression of joy and its intensity. These results suggest the possibility of converting a neutral utterance (i.e., one with no particular emotion) into utterances expressing various kinds of emotions. These results can also be applied to controlling the emotional characteristics of speech in synthesis by rule.
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