Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9, Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8, Sortilin, and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein-Friends of Foes for Psoriatic Patients at the Risk of Developing Cardiometabolic Syndrome?

Julita Anna Krahel,Anna Baran,Iwona Flisiak,Tomasz W Kamiński

doi:10.3390/ijms21103682

Abstract

Psoriasis is a systemic, immune-metabolic disease with strong genetic predispositions and autoimmune pathogenic traits. During psoriasis progression, a wide spectrum of comorbidities comes into play with the leading role of the cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) that occurs with the frequency of 30–50% amongst the psoriatic patients. Both conditions—psoriasis and CMS—have numerous common pathways, mainly related to proinflammatory pathways and cytokine profiles. Surprisingly, despite the years of research, the exact pathways linking the occurrence of CMS in the psoriasis population are still not fully understood. Recently published papers, both clinical and based on the basic science, shed new light into this relationship providing an insight into novel key-players proteins with plausible effects on above-mentioned interplay. Taking into account recent advances in this important medical matter, this review aims to discuss comprehensively the role of four proteins: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PSCK9), angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPLT8), sortilin (SORT1), and cholesteryl ester transfer proteins (CEPT) as plausible links between psoriasis and CMS.

Highlights

Psoriasis is a common, disfiguring, and stigmatizing immune-metabolic skin disease affecting approximately 2–4% of the world population [1,2]
Many factors lead to the occurrence and progression of the disease, namely, genetic predisposition, lifestyle, viral and bacterial infections, and numerous medications used in cardiology and immunology [1,4]
Based on an extensive literature review and our experience, we chose four proteins with high capability to play a crucial role in the observed phenomena, namely proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PSCK9), angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPLT8), sortilin (SIRT1), and cholesteryl ester transfer proteins (CEPT)

Summary

Introduction

Psoriasis is a common, disfiguring, and stigmatizing immune-metabolic skin disease affecting approximately 2–4% of the world population [1,2]. The augmentation of the inflammatory and colleagues point out that this type of tissue releases molecules directly associated with interplay response leads to the development of IR, lipid metabolism disturbances, vascular dysfunctions, and between CMS and psoriasis: TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor α), IL-6 (interleukin 6), leptin, resistin, atherosclerosis [9]. Based on an extensive literature review and our experience, we chose four proteins with high capability to play a crucial role in the observed phenomena, namely proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PSCK9), angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPLT8), sortilin (SIRT1), and cholesteryl ester transfer proteins (CEPT) The study highlights their role in metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular comorbidities, immunological diseases, and potential cross-talking in psoriasis. Secreted binds to on on thesurface liver surface and mediates the lysosomal degradation

Secreted

Sortilin

Findings

Conclusions