Abstract
These calcareous brown soils are low in organic matter. The clay and carbonate content increase with depth. Carbonate percentage ranges from 1.7 to 27.5% and the accumulation is found between 45 and 105 cm from the soil surface. Sulfate exceeds chloride ions in the soil extract. The exchange capacity, varying from 8.2 to 27.9 meq/100 g of soil, increases with depth. The major clay mineral is vermiculite and the maximum percentage is found in the lower horizons, while illite, which is the second clay mineral in these soils, decreases with depth. There was a relationship between K+ fixation and the content in clay and vermiculite. K+ fixation, which represents 7–11% of the cation exchange, is also enhanced by the drying of the soil.
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