Proposed RPL routing protocol in the IoT applications

Abstract

SummaryRouting protocol for low‐power and lossy networks (RPL) is a proactive routing protocol that automates the path development process using objective functions (OFs). The IETF defines two types of RPL objective functions, minimum rank with hysteresis objective function (MRHOF) and OF0. OF0 is based on the minimum hop count metric while the MRHOF is based on the expected transmission count (ETX) metric. Because of the single metric, both MRHOF and OF0 will suffer from long hops when selecting the routs to the sink, and select inefficient routes maybe paths contain nodes with small residual energy, which may cause consume the nod's energy faster than other nodes. The other problem of RPL is unbalanced chosen by parents that make bottleneck nodes that cause more network delay and high packet loss ratio because of the high congestion nodes, especially the nodes that locate near the sink node. In this article, we proposed an improvement RPL objective function that considers three metrics (load, residual energy, and ETX metrics) instead of one metric, to solve the MRHOF problems. The performance of the proposed protocol shows the enhancement in the RPL performance in terms of PDR, total energy consumption, and many other parameters.