Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
Highlights
Mast cell (MC) tumors are hematopoietic neoplasms characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and/or accumulation of neoplastic MCs in various organ systems [1,2,3]
Depending on the affected organ(s), canine MCT can be divided into cutaneous mast cell tumors, subcutaneous mast cell tumors, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL) (Table 1)
In most cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs), the diagnostic approach, prognostication, and treatment recommendations can be made by using established guidelines and algorithms
Summary
Mast cell (MC) tumors are hematopoietic neoplasms characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and/or accumulation of neoplastic MCs in various organ systems [1,2,3]. Depending on the affected organ(s), canine MCT can be divided into cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs), subcutaneous mast cell tumors (scMCTs), mucosal mast cell tumors (mMCTs), extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors (eMCTs) without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL) (Table 1). Depending on the involvement of the draining lymph node or other extracutaneous organs, cMCT and scMCT can be divided into localized, regional metastatic, and/or distant metastatic variants (Table 1).
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