Abstract

This journal uses a structured abstract with the topic headings Background , Methods , Results , and Conclusions . This format or a similar one is widely used by medical journals and facilitates comprehension (1). Among other possible topic headings is Recommendations . This heading would improve the effectiveness of abstracts by more clearly representing article content and by highlighting advice in the cases when it is appropriate. Conclusions are different from Recommendations . Conclusions are a concise summary of the results based on the data. Recommendations are advice given to the reader based on the conclusions. To illustrate the difference between these two terms, consider a recent article about glucose meters (2). In the abstract, the first sentence under Conclusions is a conclusion: “The analytical quality of SMBG [self-monitoring of blood …

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