Abstract
This paper presents a Microring modulator (MRM)-based 4-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) with a variable extension ratio (ER). The calculated bit error rate for a 10 Gb/s PAM-4 eye diagram with the proposed MRM module in a back-to-back design. The system's efficiency was confirmed by the wide eye-diagram. At higher amplitude levels, eye-opening is reduced due to non-linearity. This issue is significantly compensated by employing a variable extension ratio at different amplitude levels, i.e., the transmitted power levels are varied. Each amplitude level has an uneven extension ratio varying from lower to higher.
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