Proposal of a subtype of serovar 4, K4b:O3, of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on serological and genotypic analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate an isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, named 14–760, which was serologically not classifiable among the recognised serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae. It reacted with the antisera raised against serovars 3, 6, 8, 15 and 17 in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test, and was positive in the capsular serovar 4-specific PCR (cps4B PCR) assay. The isolate contains a type II capsule locus similar to serovar 4 but with variations in the length of four intergeneric regions (modF-cpxA, cpxD-cpsA, cpsC-a 114 bp orf, and lysA-ydeN), and three gene sequences (modF, cpsC and ydeN). The main difference found between the K4 and K4b cps genes is the additional 35 AAs found in type 4b due to a 4 bp insert in cps4bC. The LPS O-Ag locus is highly similar to that of reference strains of serovars 3, 6, 8, 15, 17 and 19. Isolate 14–760 is biovar 1 and contains solely the structural genes required for toxin ApxII production (apxIICA), and the type I secretion system (apxIBD) for the export of ApxII. Antiserum against isolate 14–760 adsorbed with antigen prepared from serovars 8, 15 or 17 reference strains remained reactive with isolate 14–760, but not with antigens prepared from serovars 1–18. Taken together, our results indicate the existence of a subtype of A. pleuropneumoniae, serovar 4, that we called “K4b:O3″, and we propose isolate 14–760 as the reference strain.