Abstract
Although porous concrete pavement design methods are mainly focused on maintaining high permeability rates in order to improve their ability to manage stormwater runoff, the mixture strength is paramount for its durability and service life. This paper proposes a new mixture design method for porous concrete, named PCD (porous concrete design), derived from the ACI 522R-10 and ACI 211.3R-02 standards. The aim is to improve mechanical strength in porous concrete mixtures, while ensuring enough permeability for its use in urban roads. With PCD methodology it is possible to obtain mechanical strengths 30% higher than those produced with ACI methodologies, while maintaining permeability rates close to 2 cm/s, lower than those obtained with ACI methods but still enough to manage extreme storm events. Finally, with the analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making methodology and also bearing in mind safety variables, the best porous concrete mixtures are the ones produced with PCD methodology.
Highlights
Due to the development of cities, the population requires more facilities, which leads to more construction: new roads, new buildings, and more blocked soil interrupting the natural water cycle [1].This is causing many environmental issues due to the groundwater decrease, not to mention the safety and health issues people are exposed to, such as floods, non-point pollution effects, heat island, and other climate change issues [2,3,4,5]
Contrasting behavior can be observed between the two methodologies, since in porous concrete design (PCD) mixtures the higher permeability rates were for an s/c ratio of 1, while in the ACI 522R-10 mixtures the s/c ratio was of 0
As the main problem nowadays with porous concrete (PC) pavements is the lack of resistance to handle traffic, in addition to maintaining a reasonable infiltration capacity, it is considered that the PCD methodology is viable due to the increase in the mechanical capacity by about 30%
Summary
Due to the development of cities, the population requires more facilities, which leads to more construction: new roads, new buildings, and more blocked soil interrupting the natural water cycle [1] This is causing many environmental issues due to the groundwater decrease, not to mention the safety and health issues people are exposed to, such as floods, non-point pollution effects, heat island, and other climate change issues [2,3,4,5]. Despite the multiple environmental advantages PC present, pavement constructors still do not rely on it, probably due to the reduced lifespan shown by this material This is mainly due to its physical characteristics, with an open graded aggregate skeleton designed to maintain high air void (AV) content, usually over 20%, which results in low mechanical resistance and reduced service life. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making methodology [24,25] has been implemented in order to make a comparison between the mixtures and methodologies, considering mechanical, hydraulic, and safety issues, such as skid resistance
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