Abstract
Previous research has shown that propolis has immunomodulatory activity. Propolis extracts from different geographic origins were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activities by investigating their ability to alter the production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 in THP-1-derived macrophage cells co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All the propolis extracts suppressed the TNF-α and IL-6 LPS-stimulated levels. Similar suppression effects were detected for IL-1β, but the release of this cytokine was synergised by propolis samples from Ghana and Indonesia when compared with LPS. Overall, the Cameroonian propolis extract (P-C) was the most active and this was evaluated for its effects on the metabolic profile of unstimulated macrophages or macrophages activated by LPS. The levels of 81 polar metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) on a ZIC-pHILIC column. LPS altered the energy, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism in THP-1 cells, and interpretation of the metabolic pathways showed that P-C reversed some of the effects of LPS. Overall, the results showed that propolis extracts exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by metabolic reprogramming of LPS activity in macrophage cells, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect.
Highlights
In recent years, the discovery and development of new and existing anti-inflammatory therapies have been an intense research focus, for the control of chronic inflammatory conditions.Inflammatory cells, such as leukocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, are recognised to produce chemical inflammatory mediators that have the purpose of repairing tissue injury [1]
Crude propolis extracts from samples collected from the UK (P-UK), Ghana (P-G), Cameroon (P-C) and Indonesia (P-Ind) were tested for cytotoxicity using assays performed on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated
The present study addressed the main features involved in LPS activation of THP-1-derived macrophage cells and the possible use of propolis extracts as an anti-inflammatory treatment
Summary
The discovery and development of new and existing anti-inflammatory therapies have been an intense research focus, for the control of chronic inflammatory conditions. Inflammatory cells, such as leukocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, are recognised to produce chemical inflammatory mediators that have the purpose of repairing tissue injury [1]. These mediators include amines (histamine and serotonin), arachidonic acid, eicosanoids, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α and interleukins, IL) and free oxygen radicals [2,3]. Chronic inflammation is proliferative and the resulting histological alterations differ from those in the acute stage to include cell migration and mitotic activity [4,5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
