Abstract
BackgroundStudies have found that propofol can inhibit endotoxin-induced monocyte-macrophages to produce various inflammatory factors. This study is to disclose whether the propofol affects the expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).MethodsRAW 264.7 cells were divided into four groups for intervention. After culturing for 16 h, the cells and culture supernatants were collected. The expression of HMGB1 in RAW 264.7 cells was detected by Western blot. The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in supernatants of cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsStimulation of LPS increased the expression of HMGB1 and promoted the release of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05); however, propofol down-regulated the expression of LPS-stimulated HMGB1 and reduced the LPS-stimulated releases of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the releases of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α intimately correlated with the expression of HMGB1 in this process (p < 0.05).ConclusionPropofol inhibited the releases of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α intimately correlated with the expression of HMGB1, which indicating that propofol may prevent inflammatory responses through reducing the releases of these cytokines and inflammatory mediators.
Highlights
Studies have found that propofol can inhibit endotoxin-induced monocyte-macrophages to produce various inflammatory factors
LPS stimulation increased the expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in RAW 264.7 cells As shown in Table 1, after RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS for 16 h, the expression of HMGB1 protein in cells of LPS group was up-regulated compared with the blank control group
Compared with the blank control group (36,010 ± 2550), the expressions of HMGB1 in low-dose group of propofol (59,970 ± 2453) and the high-dose group (52,470 ± 2018) were increased (p = 0.002, 0.012 respectively), showing that the expression of LPS stimulation increased the release of IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells After RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by LPS for 16 h, we found that the value of IL-6 in LPS intervention group (50.64 ± 5.77 ng/mL) was higher than that in blank control group (6.89 ± 3.51 ng/mL) (p = 0.002) (Table 2, Fig. 2a)
Summary
Studies have found that propofol can inhibit endotoxin-induced monocyte-macrophages to produce various inflammatory factors. This study is to disclose whether the propofol affects the expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). LPS stimulation can induce HMGB1 release from mouse macrophages, propofol can inhibit this process leading to downregulation of HMGB1 mRNA and block the activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) [10]. The actions of propofol to regulate the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α and the correlation with HMGB1 in LPS-stimulated murine macrophage are unclear. The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α seems to correlate with the expression of HMGB1 in this process
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