Prophylaxis of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting with low-dose sotalol

Abstract

Background. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT) commonly occurs shortly after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but ventricular arrhythmias are less documented. Methods. On the 1st postoperative day, 206 consecutive eligible patients were prospectively randomized to a sotalol group (80 mg b.i.d.; n = 103) or a control group without β-blockade or antiarrhythmic drugs (n = 103). Results. The SVT incidence (predominantly atrial fibrillation) accounted for 16% in the sotalol group versus 48% ( p < 0.00001). Multivariate analysis showed that sotalol reduced the SVT incidence ( p < 0.00001, odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.42), whereas a lower preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction ( p = 0.019) and older age ( p = 0.031) were independent risk factors of SVT occurrence. The Holter electrocardiographic analysis (24 hours) demonstrated that sotalol (32 versus 92; p = 0.031) decreased the median number of ventricular events, mostly isolated premature ventricular beats. Neither ventricular proarrhythmia effect nor “torsades de pointes” were detected. Despite strict hemodynamic-based selection, sotalol had to be discontinued in 8 patients (7.8%), for reasons related to asthma in 3 or cardiac reasons in 5. Conclusions. Oral low-dose sotalol provided considerable and reliable protection in selected nondepressed cardiac function patients, reducing the occurrence of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias after CABG.