Abstract
Human rabies prophylaxis is carried out by both postexposure treatment and preexposure vaccination against rabies. Cell culture rabies vaccines, which are both immunogenic and safe, have permitted the use of new simple postexposure treatment regimens and preexposure vaccination in professionally-exposed individuals as well as travellers. Though no terrestrial native rabies case has occurred since 1998 in France, there has been only a 20% decrease in postexposure treatments since 1993. Noncompliance with the mandatory sanitary surveillance of dogs and cats, native bat rabies cases distributed throughout France, an increasing number of patients exposed in canine enzootic areas and illicit importations of domestic as well as wild animals from these areas can explain this situation.
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