Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a novel granulated formulation of Artemisia extract on broiler coccidiosis

Abstract

Coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease in poultry industry. Owing to the development of drug resistance against Eimeria and concerns about drug residues, attentions toward the alternative compounds including herbal medicines have been increased. This study aimed to examine the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a new formulation derived from Artemisia sieberi extract on avian coccidiosis. The extract was obtained from A. sieberi using petroleum ether, and then, it was formulated into a wet granule. Three hundred and sixty 1-day-old broilers were divided into six groups, each with three replicates (n = 20); the first group was chosen as the noninfected control group and the remainders were challenged by oral administration of 250,000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella per chick on day 21. Group 2 (as nontreated control) received no treatment, but group 3 (as prophylactic group) received 0.5mg/kg artemisinin 10days before challenging with E. tenella. However, groups 4, 5, and 6 received 1mg/kg artemisinin on the next day and at 24 and 48h after the challenge, respectively, for 5days. Mortality rate, bloody diarrhea score, lesion score, and oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces were used to determine the anticoccidial effects of the formulation. The granule significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mortality, diarrhea, and lesion score in the treated groups. The OPG output was also significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced in the groups that received formulation. However, there was no significant difference between the prophylactic and therapeutic groups. The results suggested that this new formulation is a promising herbal medicine that can be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic product to control avian coccidiosis.