Abstract
Phosphorus slag, known as the waste product of the phosphate ore industry, is causing critical environmental issues due to its direct exposure to natural spaces. In this article, a partial replacement of the natural fine aggregate ordinarily used in cement-stabilized macadam (CSM) base by phosphorus slag was explored to be an effective solution for phosphorus slag waste. CSM specimens were fabricated by adding various dosages of phosphorus slag particle and fine powder, whereas the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density were analyzed through compaction tests. Compressive strength, bending tensile strength, fatigue life span, dry shrinkage, and temperature shrinkage performance at different curing durations were investigated to evaluate the properties of modified macadam. Results show that phosphorus slag reduced the early compressive strength of CSM to a small extent, but the compressive strength finally increased at 90 days’ curing. The modified slag particles and slag fine powder exhibited different behaviors to repeated loading, moisture loss, and temperature difference. Finally, according to the strength change, fatigue performance comparison, and shrinkage strain caused by the incorporation of phosphorous slag materials into the CSM, it was verified that 25% of the particles to 40% of the fine powder is the best replacement ratio.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the yellow phosphorous industry, the current yellow phosphorous production volume is increasing day by day
Phosphorous slag, well-known to be the by-product of mineral smelting, causes environmental pollution when directly exposed to natural lands
Phosphorous slag particles and fine powder are suitable to act as the replacement of aggregate and cement of cement-stabilized macadam (CSM) used as the semirigid base of asphalt pavement
Summary
With the rapid development of the yellow phosphorous industry, the current yellow phosphorous production volume is increasing day by day. CSM base has excellent properties, such as compressive strength, rigidity, fatigue resistance, bending tensile strength, and strong load spreading ability, so it is widely used in highway bases or sub-bases (Li et al, 2021; Du et al, 2019; Lv et al, 2019a; Lv et al, 2021b) This material still has some defects as a base: (1) the shrinkage and cracking of the CSM base can cause different reflective cracks in the asphalt pavement (Farhan et al, 2018; You et al, 2020); (2) the CSM has poor water seepage performance; (3) after the CSM base is damaged, it cannot be repaired; (4) the CSM base has excellent integrity, but as the use time increases, the strength and modulus of the material will gradually decay due to fatigue factors under repeated loads. Through the analysis of the influence of phosphorus slag materials on the strength, fatigue performance, and crack resistance of CSM mixtures, the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the performance of CSM mixtures with phosphorous slag materials in different proportions are studied
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