Abstract
In contributing to the improvement of Ferrite Magnetic nanoparticles, the effects of Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP) and annealing on the structural and magnetic properties of Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZFNPs) synthesis were investigated in this work. The effects were evaluated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Vi-brating sample magnetometer (VSM). The XRD analysis confirms a good formation of the inverse spinel crystal structure with an average particle size of 1.3 nm to 15.2 nm and from 1.6 nm to 21.1 nm for the ZFNPs as-prepared and PVP mediated ZFNPs for the un-annealed and annealed samples, respectively. The SEM image reveals an increase in the particle size for both the as-prepared and PVP mediated samples after annealing at 500°C. The FTIR also reveals the inverse spinel structure for the as-prepared and annealed samples, which witnesses a vibrational red shift towards a higher wave number for the annealed samples. The VSM analysis indicates the superparamagnetic behavior of PVP mediated and annealed sample with zero remanence magnetization (Mr) and Coercivity (Hc). The saturation magnetization (Ms) increases from 1.31 emu/g, for the as-prepared samples, to 4.31 emu/g after the annealing and from 1.18 emu/g, for the PVP mediated, to 6.38 emu/g after annealing. These effects have been attributed to the cationic re-arrangement on the lattice site after the annealing. This presents a superior material for various applications in nanotechnology.
Highlights
We report on the surface effect of PVP mediated and the annealing on the structural and magnetic properties of Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZFNPs) using the co-precipitation method
The effect of the PVP on the ZFNP is in reducing the agglomeration to an average particle size of 51 nm, whereas, after the annealing the particle reduces to 30 nm
The ZFNPs as-prepared, the PVP mediated and the annealed were synthesized via the co-precipitation method
Summary
The Ferrite Magnetic nanoparticles (FMNP) are grouped as the spinel, the hexagonal and the garnet, respectively, based on their crystal structure Their distinct special crystal structure and magnetic properties are applied in various biomedicine, industries and material science such as the encapsulation of drug for drug delivery to a targeted site to circumvent side effect problems [3] [4], cancerous cell/tumor treatment via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), information storage in modern technology [5], and therapeutics via hyperthermia [2] [6]. Co-precipitation method has been shown to be the most appropriate for biomedical application since it does not require any complex reactants or toxic materials and is often conducted under room temperature [14]
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