Abstract
SummaryAttempts to obtain 1,3‐pentadiene from the uncatalyzed or catalyzed isomerization of 1,4‐pentadiene at 200–250° were not successful. Dimers and higher polymers were formed, presumably by conjugation and addition reactions. The activity of several catalysts was measured by the yields of polymer. Sodium hydroxide was most effective, followed by sulfur dioxide,beta‐chloroanthraquinone, anthraquinone‐beta‐carboxylic acid, and anthraquinone in order of decreasing activity. In 1,4 and 1,3‐pentadiene mixtures, anthraquinone and sulfur dioxide catalyze slightly the formation of high polymers, but sodium hydroxide catalyzes both total polymer and dimer. The quinones are believed to function in 1,4 to 1,3‐diene isomerization by a free radical mechanism, sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide by polar mechanisms. These results are related to the polymerization of non‐conjugated drying oils.
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